An SPD (Suspended Particle Device) train window consists of an SPD foil and a glass window package. The SPD foil is coated on both sides with transparent electrically conductive material (ITO - Indium Tin Oxide). In between is a gel-like liquid that carries small, freely movable particles (< 1µm).
The glass window is darkened (dark blue) when switched off. As soon as a rectangular voltage is applied, the fine particles align themselves with the electric field and the window becomes transparent.
If the voltage drops on the transparent conductors on the outside, the particles return to a disordered structure and the window is darkened again.
A dimmed state, between transparent and darkened, can also be set continuously.